Pisa, Monumental Cemetery: “Hell”; detail with “Lucifer,” a gigantic figure twice the size of Christ the Judge. Lucifer represents pride, the root of all vice. The damned soul devoured by Lucifer is Judas Iscariot, mangled in the monster’s central mouth. Lucifer also devours Brutus and Cassius in the lateral mouths. Judas is considered the supreme traitor for betraying Christ, while Brutus and Cassius betrayed Julius Caesar, considered a benefactor and symbol of the Empire. Frescoes by Buonamico Buffalmacco, 1336/1341.
